Impacts of and Ways to Protect Your Respiratory System from Forest and Land Fire Haze

By: dr. Anggie Indari, Sp.P - Pulmonologist at Premier Jatinegara Hospital

Haze resulting from forest and land fires not only reduces visibility but also poses health risks. Fine particles and various pollutants contained in the smoke can be inhaled and enter the respiratory tract.
Such exposure can lead to various issues, ranging from irritation and coughing to the aggravation of pre-existing respiratory conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand the impacts and take appropriate protective measures.

What Does Haze Contain?

Haze is a mixture of various gases and microscopic particles. One component of particular concern is particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)—particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less.

Their minute size allows PM2.5 particles to be inhaled and penetrate deep into the lungs. The higher the PM2.5 concentration and the longer the duration of exposure, the greater the risk of adverse health effects.

Respiratory Impacts of Haze

Exposure to haze can cause various respiratory issues, including:

• Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat
• Coughing
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Temporary reduction in lung function
• Increased risk of acute respiratory infections (ARI)
• Exacerbation or worsening of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Individual responses to haze exposure can vary. The severity of symptoms is influenced by various factors, such as pollutant concentration, duration of exposure, activities performed during exposure, and each individual's health condition.

Who Is More Vulnerable?

Although haze can affect anyone, certain groups are at higher risk of experiencing respiratory issues and require extra protection. These groups include:

• Children
• The elderly
• Pregnant women
• People with asthma or COPD
• People with heart disease or other chronic conditions
• People who work or spend a lot of time outdoors

This group is more susceptible to experiencing health issues or a worsening of their condition when air quality declines due to haze exposure.

How to Protect Yourself from Smoke Exposure

1. Monitor air quality.
   Check air quality information before going outdoors. Limit outdoor activities—especially exercise or strenuous tasks—when air quality is poor.
2. Use an appropriate mask.
   If you must go outside, wear a mask or respirator capable of filtering fine particles, such as an N95. Ensure it fits correctly and seals tightly against your face.
3. Keep doors and windows closed.
   When haze or smog is heavy, close doors and windows to minimize the entry of polluted air into your home. Use an air purifier if available.
4. Take care of your health.
   Stay hydrated, get plenty of rest, and eat nutritious food. If you have a chronic respiratory condition, continue taking your medication as prescribed by your doctor.
5. Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms arise.
   Do not ignore coughing, shortness of breath, or other symptoms that develop during exposure to haze or smog, especially if they worsen or do not improve.

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following conditions:

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Chest pain or a feeling of heaviness in the chest
• Worsening or persistent cough
• Noisy breathing or wheezing
• Bluish lips or fingertips
• Decreased level of consciousness
• Asthma or COPD flare-up that does not improve after using medication

Do not delay seeking medical attention, especially if your symptoms worsen. Early examination can help assess the condition of your airways and determine the appropriate treatment.

Consult a Pulmonologist

Haze and smoke can affect individuals differently. If you experience respiratory symptoms after exposure to smoke or have a history of lung disease, consult the team of pulmonologists at RS Premier Jatinegara regarding your condition.
 

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