The Importance of Fetal Maternal Ultrasound for Early Detection of Fetal Abnormalities

By: dr. Better Versi Paniroi, Sp.OG, Subsp.KFM (K)

Having a healthy pregnancy is every mother's hope. One important step to ensure optimal fetal health is regular checkups, including a fetomaternal ultrasound (feto-USG). This examination plays a crucial role in early detection of various possible abnormalities or disorders in the fetus during pregnancy.

What is a Fetomaternal Ultrasound?

A fetomaternal ultrasound is an advanced ultrasound examination performed to view the fetus's condition in greater detail and specificity than a standard pregnancy ultrasound. This examination is performed by an obstetrician-gynecologist with a subspecialty in fetomaternal ultrasound who specializes in monitoring the health of the mother and fetus, especially in high-risk pregnancies.

Benefits of a Fetomaternal Ultrasound

A fetomaternal ultrasound has several important benefits, including:

• Detecting fetal abnormalities early: Such as abnormalities in the heart, brain, bones, and other organs.
• Monitoring fetal growth and development: To ensure the fetus is growing according to gestational age.
• Assessing the condition of the placenta and amniotic fluid: Important factors in supporting fetal health.
• Identifying the risk of pregnancy complications: Such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
• Assisting in planning medical treatment: If certain conditions are detected early.

When Can a Fetomaternal Ultrasound Be Performed?

A fetomaternal ultrasound is usually performed at the following times:

• Trimester 1: (11–14 weeks): For initial screening for chromosomal abnormalities.
• Trimester 2: (18–24 weeks): For detailed fetal anatomy examination (optimal timing).
• Trimester 3: To monitor fetal growth and condition prior to delivery.

Who is Recommended to Have a Fetomaternal Ultrasound?

This examination is highly recommended for pregnant women with the following conditions:

• Age over 35
• History of previous pregnancies with abnormalities
• Previous medical conditions such as diabetes or hypertension
• Previous ultrasound results showing abnormalities
• High-risk pregnancy

However, even pregnant women without any symptoms are still advised to undergo this examination as a preventative measure and for early detection.

What Can a Fetomaternal Ultrasound Detect?

Through a fetomaternal ultrasound, doctors can detect various conditions, such as:

• Congenital heart defects
• Brain development disorders
• Body and bone abnormalities
• Cleft lip
• Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
• Abnormal amniotic fluid levels

A fetomaternal ultrasound is an important examination during pregnancy to ensure the fetus remains healthy and develops properly. With early detection, various risks can be identified early so that appropriate and optimal treatment can be provided.

FAQ

What is the difference between a regular ultrasound and a fetomaternal ultrasound?
A regular ultrasound is used to monitor the pregnancy in general, such as the position and age of the fetus. A fetomaternal ultrasound, on the other hand, is performed in more detail to detect possible abnormalities in the fetus's organs and the risk of pregnancy complications.

Is a Fetomaternal Ultrasound Safe?
A fetomaternal ultrasound is safe for both mother and fetus because it uses sound waves, not radiation. This examination is painless and performed as medically necessary.

How long does a fetomaternal ultrasound take?
The examination usually lasts around 20–40 minutes, depending on the condition of the fetus and the level of detail required.

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