Measles Danger: 12 Children Lost Their Lives

Presenter: dr. Amila Yashifa 
Speaker: dr. Anton Dharma Saputra, Sp.A

What is Measles? 
Measles, also known as Rubeola or Gabagen, is caused by a virus from the Paramyxoviridae family. It is one of the most contagious diseases known to mankind. The transmission rate is extremely high, even higher than COVID-19. If 10 people are exposed to someone with measles, 9 of them are highly likely to become infected.

Why is Measles So Contagious? 
The measles virus spreads through droplets and airborne particles released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. What makes it extremely dangerous is that the contagious period begins 2–4 days before the appearance of the skin rash. This means a child can already spread the virus even if they only have a mild fever and no obvious measles symptoms yet.

The airborne nature of measles also allows the virus to linger in the air for up to two hours. Poor air circulation in a room further increases the risk of transmission.

Symptoms and Complications 
Measles symptoms can be remembered with the “3C”:
- Cough
- Coryza (runny nose)
- Conjunctivitis (red eyes)

The leading cause of death in measles cases is not only the viral infection itself but also complications, particularly pneumonia. Pneumonia can result from the measles virus directly or from a secondary bacterial infection, which worsens the child’s condition.

Vitamin A and Follicular Hyperkeratosis
Vitamin A plays a vital role in recovery. It is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Deficiency signs include Bitot’s spots (white spots on the eyes), dry eyes, and night blindness.

A less commonly known sign of Vitamin A deficiency is Follicular Hyperkeratosis. This condition occurs when the skin becomes thickened, dry, and scaly due to excess keratin production—often described as resembling “toad skin.” Children diagnosed with measles who also show signs of Vitamin A deficiency should be given additional Vitamin A supplementation.

Just as hospitals deploy medical teams during large-scale events, society must be equally vigilant when facing infectious disease outbreaks. Government, healthcare providers, and parents all play a critical role in ensuring prevention and quick response.

Parents, in particular, must ensure their children receive complete measles immunization. Prevention is far more effective than treatment when it comes to this highly contagious disease.